The Development of a Multi-frame Leadership Scale for Junior High Principals
Author: Wen-San Huang(Department of Education, National Kaohsiung Normal University), Shou-Pin Shen(Department of Education, National Kaohsiung Normal University)
Vol.&No.：Vol. 59, No. 2
Date：June 2014
Pages：1-30
DOI：10.6209/JORIES.2014.59(2).01
Abstract：
The purpose of this study was to investigate the current status of junior high school principals’ multi-frame leadership and to construct an innovative, reliable, and valid scale according to Bolman and Deal’s theory and national conditions. The scale is named the “Junior High Principal Multi- frame Leadership Scale”. Through stratified random sampling, 132 teachers were examined using item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and reliability analysis. A target sample of 646 teachers was then randomly divided into two groups to perform confirmatory factor analysis and cross-validation. A situational analysis of the survey results was conducted. The major findings and conclusions are as follows: Junior high principals’ multi-frame leadership can be divided into four aspects, comprising instructional leadership, symbolic leadership, political leadership, and structural leadership; a second-order factor model is the most efficient model because of its stability and predictive power; and the current situation of principals’ multi-frame leadership is robust. The principals’ self-perception of their performance in each aspect was consistently higher than the teachers’ perception of them; nevertheless, both were positively correlated. Based on the results, recommendations are offered for junior high principals, teachers, and future researchers.
Keywords：second-order factor model, multi-frame leadership, junior high principal
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