Problem-Based Learning on the Problem-Solving Ability and Self-Directed Learning of Undergraduate Students
Author:
Hsin-I Yung(Institute of Technological and Vocational Education, National Taipei University of Technology), Chi-Chia Lee(Institute of Technological and Vocational Education, National Taipei University of Technology)
Vol.&No.：Vol. 60, No. 1
Date：March 2015
Pages：131-155
DOI：10.6209/JORIES.2015.60(1).05
Abstract：
This study examined the effects of problem-based learning on the problem-solving ability and self-directed learning tendency of undergraduate students. A total of 65 undergraduate law students were recruited and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Empirical data showed that the students in the experimental group who received problem-based learning demonstrated significantly stronger performance than those in the control group in problem-solving measurement, particularly in word association, idiom substitution, and situational problem-solving subscales. In addition, the experimental group demonstrated significantly strong performance in efficiency learning, such as on the learning and active learning subscales of self-directed learning. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Keywords：self-directed learning, problem-solving ability, problem-based learning
《Full Text》
References：
- 朱錦鳳（2005）。問題解決創造力測驗。臺北市：心理。【Ju, G.-F. (2005). Problem solving creativity test. Taipei, Taiwan: Psychological.】
- 吳明烈（2010）。UNESCO、OECD與歐盟終身學習關鍵能力之比較研究。教育政策論壇，13（1），45-75。【Wu, M.-L. (2010). Comparative research on key competences for lifelong learning of UNESCO, OECD and European Union. Educational Policy Forum, 13(1), 45-75.】
- 徐靜嫻（2013）。PBL融入師資培育教育實習課程之個案研究。教育科學研究期刊，58（2），91-121。doi:10.3966/2073753X2013065802004【Hsu, C.-H. (2013). Case study on applying problem-based learning to the student teaching curriculum. Journal of Research in Education Sciences, 58(2), 91-121. doi:10.3966/2073753X2013065802004】
- 郭明政（2010）。台灣法學教育的問題與改革。載於陳惠馨（編著），法學專業教育制度比較：以法學教育改革為核心（pp. 93-115）。臺北市：政大出版社。【Guo, M.-J. (2010). Taiwan legal education’s problem and reform. In H.-C. Chen (Ed.), Comparative studies on legal education systems: Focusing on the reform (pp. 93-115). Taipei, Taiwan: Chengchi University Press.】
- 陳毓凱、張賴妙理、楊坤原（2013）。八年級學生在科學問題本位學習歷程的自我導向學習行為表現。科學教育學刊，21（3），345-370。doi:10.6173/CJSE.2013.2103.05【Chen, Y.-K., Chang-Lai, M.-L., & Yang, K.-Y. (2013). Self-directed learning behaviors in science problem-based learning processes of eighth graders. Chinese Journal of Science Education, 21(3), 345-370. doi:10.6173/CJSE. 2013.2103.05】
» More
- 朱錦鳳（2005）。問題解決創造力測驗。臺北市：心理。【Ju, G.-F. (2005). Problem solving creativity test. Taipei, Taiwan: Psychological.】
- 吳明烈（2010）。UNESCO、OECD與歐盟終身學習關鍵能力之比較研究。教育政策論壇，13（1），45-75。【Wu, M.-L. (2010). Comparative research on key competences for lifelong learning of UNESCO, OECD and European Union. Educational Policy Forum, 13(1), 45-75.】
- 徐靜嫻（2013）。PBL融入師資培育教育實習課程之個案研究。教育科學研究期刊，58（2），91-121。doi:10.3966/2073753X2013065802004【Hsu, C.-H. (2013). Case study on applying problem-based learning to the student teaching curriculum. Journal of Research in Education Sciences, 58(2), 91-121. doi:10.3966/2073753X2013065802004】
- 郭明政（2010）。台灣法學教育的問題與改革。載於陳惠馨（編著），法學專業教育制度比較：以法學教育改革為核心（pp. 93-115）。臺北市：政大出版社。【Guo, M.-J. (2010). Taiwan legal education’s problem and reform. In H.-C. Chen (Ed.), Comparative studies on legal education systems: Focusing on the reform (pp. 93-115). Taipei, Taiwan: Chengchi University Press.】
- 陳毓凱、張賴妙理、楊坤原（2013）。八年級學生在科學問題本位學習歷程的自我導向學習行為表現。科學教育學刊，21（3），345-370。doi:10.6173/CJSE.2013.2103.05【Chen, Y.-K., Chang-Lai, M.-L., & Yang, K.-Y. (2013). Self-directed learning behaviors in science problem-based learning processes of eighth graders. Chinese Journal of Science Education, 21(3), 345-370. doi:10.6173/CJSE. 2013.2103.05】
- 黃明玉（2004）。成人學習者自我導向學習傾向、班級學習氣氛與學習滿意度之研究（未出版碩士論文）。國立高雄師範大學，高雄市。【Huang, M.-Y. (2004). Research of relationship among self-directed learning readiness, classroom climate and learning satisfaction of adult learners (Unpublished master’s thesis). National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.】
- 黃茂在、陳文典（2004）。「問題解決」的能力。科學教育月刊，273，21-41。【Huang, M.-T., & Chen, J.-H. (2004). Ability of problem solving. Science Education Monthly, 273, 21-41.】
- 楊坤原、陳建樺、張賴妙理（2011）。問題本位學習對四年級學童的問題解決與批判思考之影響。科學教育學刊，19（3），185-209。【Yang, K.-Y., Chen, J.-H., & Chang-Lai, M.-L. (2011). The effects of problem-based learning on the problem solving and critical thinking of fourth graders. Chinese Journal of Science Education, 19(3), 185-209.】
- 詹秀美、吳武典（1991）。問題解決測驗指導手冊。臺北市：心理。【Chan, S.-H., & Wu, W.-T. (1991). Problem solving test guidebook. Taipei, Taiwan: Psychological.】
- 劉杰（2008）。e-Learning 2.0環境中大學生自我導向學習與網路學習動機之探討（未出版碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學，臺北市。【Liu, C. (2008). A study of the self-directed learning and learning motivation of undergraduates in the e-Learning 2.0 environment (Unpublished master’s thesis). National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.】
- 鄧運林（1992）。自我導向學習對成人學生學習行為、學業成績影響之實驗研究（未出版博士論文）。國立政治大學，臺北市。【Deng, Y.-L. (1992). A study of the self-directed learning toward adult learners learning behavior and learning performance (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan.】
- Barrows, H. S. (1986). A taxonomy of problem-based learning methods. Medical Education, 20(6), 481-486. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1986.tb01386.x
- Barrows, H. S. (1996). Problem-based learning in medicine and beyond: A brief overview. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 1996(68), 3-12. doi:10.1002/tl.37219966804
- Barrows, H. S., & Myers, A. C. (1993). Problem-based learning in secondary schools [Unpublished monograph]. Springfield, IL: Problem-Based Learning Institute, Lanphier High School and Southern Illinois University Medical School.
- Berkson, L. (1993). Problem-based learning: Have the expectations been met? Academic Medicine, 68(10), 79-88. doi:10.1097/00001888-199310000-00053
- Choo, S. S., Rotgans, J. I., Yew, E. H., & Schmidt, H. G. (2011). Effect of worksheet scaffolds on student learning in problem-based learning. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 16(4), 517- 528. doi:10.1007/s10459-011-9288-1
- Dewey, J. (1910). How we think. Boston, MA: Health & Co. doi:10.1037/10903-000
- Dochy, F., Segers, M., Van den Bossche, P., & Gijbels, D. (2003). Effects of problem-based learning: A meta-analysis. Learning and Instruction, 13(5), 533-568. doi:10.1016/S0959-4752(02) 00025-7
- Dolmans, D. H., De Grave, W. S., Wolfhagen, I. H., & van der Vleuten, C. P. (2005). Problem-based learning: Future challenges for educational practice and research. Medical Education, 39(7), 732-741. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2929.2005.02205.x
- Dolmans, D. H., Schmidt, H. G., & Gijselaers, W. H. (1995). The relationship between student- generated learning issues and self-study in problem-based learning. Instructional Science, 22(4), 251-267. doi:10.1007/BF00891779
- Guglielmino, L. M. (1977). Development of the self-directed learning readiness scale (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Georgia, Athens, GA.
- Hmelo, C. E., & Lin, X. (2000). Becoming self-directed learners: Strategy development in problem-based learning. In D. Evensen & C. E. Hmelo (Eds.), Problem-based learning: A research perspective on learning interactions (pp. 227-250). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Hmelo-Silver, C. E. (2004). Problem-based learning: What and how do students learn? Educational Psychology Review, 16(3), 235-266. doi:10.1023/B:EDPR.0000034022.16470.f3
- Hmelo-Silver, C. E., & Barrows, H. S. (2006). Goals and strategies of a problem-based learning facilitator. Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning, 1(1), 21-39. doi:10.7771/ 1541-5015.1004
- Hmelo-Silver, C. E., Duncan, R. G., & Chinn, C. A. (2007). Scaffolding and achievement in problem based and inquiry learning: A response to Kirschner, Sweller, and Clark. Educational Psychologist, 42(2), 99-107. doi:10.1080/00461520701263368
- Hurk, M. M., Dolmans, D. H. J. M., Wolfhagen, H. A. P., Muijtjens, A. M. M., & Vleuten, C. P. M. (1999). Impact of individual study on tutorial group discussion. Teaching and Learning in Medicine, 11(4), 196-201. doi:10.1207/S15328015TLM110403
- Jonassen, D. H. (2011). Supporting problem solving in PBL. Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning, 5(2), 95-119. doi:10.7771/1541-5015.1256
- Knowles, M. S. (1975). Self-directed learning: A guide for learners and teachers. New York, NY: Association Press.
- Koh, G., Khoo, H., Wong, M., & Koh, D. (2008). The effects of problem-based learning during medical school on physician competency: A systematic review. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 178(1), 34-41. doi:10.1503/cmaj.070565
- Langdell, C. C. (1871). A selection of cases on the law of contracts: With references and citations. Boston, MA: Little, Brown & Co.
- Loyens, S. M. M., Magda, J., & Rikers, R. M. J. P. (2008). Self-directed learning in problem-based learning and its relationships with self-regulated learning. Educational Psychology Review, 20(4), 411-427. doi:10.1007/s10648-008-9082-7
- Moskovitz, M. (1992). Beyond the case method: It’s time to teach with problems. Journal of Legal Education, 42, 241-270.
- Patterson, C., Crooks, D., & Lunyk-Child, O. (2002). A new perspective on competencies for self-directed learning. Journal of Nursing Education, 41(1), 25-31.
- Savery, J. R. (2006). Overview of problem-based learning: Definitions and distinctions. Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning, 1(1), 9-20. doi:10.7771/1541-5015.1002
- Savin-Baden, M. (2008). Problem based learning in electronic engineering: Locating legends or promising problem. International Journal of Electronic Engineering Education, 45(2), 96-109. doi:10.7227/IJEEE.45.2.2
- Schmidt, R. (1995). Consciousness and foreign language learning: A tutorial on the role of attention and awareness in learning. In R. Schmidt (Ed.), Attention and awareness in foreign language learning (pp. 1-63). Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii, Second Language Teaching & Curriculum Center.
- Schmidt, H. G., Rotgans, J. I., & Yew, E. H. J. (2011). The process of problem-based learning: What works? And why? Medical Education, 45(8), 792-806. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2011.04035.x
- Smith, C. A., Powell, S. C., & Wood, E. J. (1995). Problem-based learning and problem-solving skills. Biochemical Education, 23(3), 149-152. doi:10.1016/0307-4412(95)00019-Y
- Strobel, J., & van Barneveld, A. (2009). When is PBL more effective? A meta-synthesis of meta-analyses comparing PBL to conventional classrooms. Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning, 3(1), 44-58. doi:10.7771/1541-5015.1046
- Sweller, J. (2003). Evolution of human cognitive architecture. In B. Ross (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation (Vol. 43, pp. 215-266). San Diego, CA: Academic Press. doi:10.1016/ S0079-7421(03)01015-6
- Tawfik, A. A., & Keene, C. W. (2013). Applying case-based reasoning theory to support problem-based learning. The Journal of Applied Instructional Design, 3(2), 31-40.
- Tough, A. (1979). The adult’s learning projects: A fresh approach to theory and practice in adult learning. Toronto, CA: Ontario Institute for Studies in Education.
- Wee, K. N. L. (2004). Jump start authentic problem-based learning. Singapore City, Singapore: Prentice Hall.
- Woods, D. R., Hrymak, A. N., & Wright, H. M. (2000, June). Approaches to learning and learning environments in PBL versus lecture-based learning. Paper presented at the 2000 ASEE Annual Conference, St. Louis, MO.