（專題）高中數理能力優異班學生與普通班學生大腦結構及性別差異之研究 作者:郭靜姿(國立臺灣師範大學特殊教育學系)、林慶波(國立陽明大學神經科學研究所)、張馨仁(臺北市立中山女子高級中學特教組)、周坤賢(國立陽明大學神經科學研究所)、曾琦芬(國立臺中科技大學通識教育中心)、張玉佩(國立臺灣師範大學特殊教育學系)、林燁虹(國立臺灣師範大學特殊教育學系)

卷期：57卷第2期
日期：2012年6月
頁碼：25-64
DOI：10.3966/2073753X2012065702002

摘要：

本研究參與者包括36位高中數理能力優異學生（16男，20女）及37位普通學生（20男，17女）。研究工具含：「高中學校能力測驗」、「國中基測成績」與「磁振造影」（MRI）。MRI係以SPM的像素型態分析方法（VBM）進行統計。研究結果顯示：一、數優組與普通組在多個皮質區灰質容積有差異。數優組在IQ及數理能力相關的皮質區灰質容積高於普通組；而普通組在動作及高級感覺皮質區灰質容積高於數理能力優異組。二、性別在多個皮質區灰質容積有差異。男生組在計算能力相關、訊息連結、負面情緒記憶等皮質區灰質容積顯著高於女生組；而女生組在認知、高級感覺等皮質區灰質容積顯著高於男生組。三、綜合能力與性別的比較，研究者推估先天能力與後天學習都與大腦發展有關。

關鍵詞：灰質容積、性別差異、磁振造影、數理能力優異

《詳全文》

(Special Issue) Sex Differences in Brain Structure between Students Talented in Math and Science and Developed Peers Author: Ching-Chih Kuo(Department of Special Education, National Taiwan Normal University), Ching-Po Lin(Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University), Hsin-Jen Chang(Special Education Section,Taipei Municipal Zhong Shan Girls High School), Kun-Hsien Chou(Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University), Chi-Fen Tseng(Center of General Education, National Taichung University of Science and Technology),Yu-Pei Chang(Department of Special Education, National Taiwan Normal University),Yeh-Hong Lin(Department of Special Education, National Taiwan Normal University)

Vol.&No.：Vol. 57, No. 2
Date：June 2012
Pages：25-64
DOI：10.3966/2073753X2012065702002

Abstract：

In this study, we compare the sex differences in brain structure between math- and science-talented (MST) students and their typically developed (TD) peers, involving 36 MST (16 male and 20 female) and 37 TD (20 male and 17 female) students. The research instruments used in this study were the “High School Intelligence Test,” the “Basic Competence Test for Junior High School Students,” and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI data were processed with voxel-based morphometery (VBM) implemented in statistical parametric mapping (SPM). The results show that (1) MST students displayed larger gray matter volumes than TD students did in the cortical regions related to intelligence and math/science achievement scores; TD students showed larger gray matter volumes than MST students did in motor and somatosensory cortical regions; (2) Male students showed greater gray matter volumes than female students did in the cortical regions involved in mathematical tasks, information processing, and negative emotions; female students showed larger gray matter volumes than their male counterparts did in higher cognitive and somatosensory cortical regions; (3) The results of this study indicate that both innate and acquired abilities might affect brain development.

Keywords：gray matter volume, sex difference, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), talent in math and science