鄂蘭人權視域下的政治創傷與照顧—以二二八平安運動為例
作者:林淑芬（國立政治大學哲學系副教授）
卷期：69卷第1期
日期：2024年3月
頁碼：53-72
摘要：
鄂蘭（Hannah Arendt）在1951年出版《極權主義的起源》（The Origins of Totalitarianism）時主張，人權是指「擁有權利的權利」（right to have rights），喪失人權首先意味著失去擁有家園的權利—即人們出生和確立自身獨特地存在於世界。因此，根本地剝奪人權，首先是指完全剝奪人存在於這世界的位置—「一個能夠言說意義、行動啟新的位置」。人並非生而平等，而是憑藉承諾彼此保障平等的權利，進而成為群體的一員而獲得平等。在鄂蘭的人權論述下，「擁有權利的權利」不是透過神聖或自然的脈絡，也並非奠基在抽象的人的概念，而是來自社群成員的彼此承諾，以言說和行動進入這個世界，在世界中確立自己的獨特性。本研究以「鄂蘭人權視域下的政治創傷與照顧」為題，以鄂蘭的人權論述為理論的進路，聚焦於「二二八平安運動」如何致力於照顧二二八事件所帶來的政治創傷，揭示該運動的核心雖以受難者為主體，卻不將重點放在加害者和被害者，而是透過照顧的行為，使受傷
的社群得到照顧，在協同行動（act in concert）中，形成共同體意識，終而讓社群的每個成
員都能在這個世界上有一個家，實現自己的個別性。換言之，和解不是加害者和被害者的和
解，而是居住在這塊土地上的人們之間的復和；藉由協同行動，實現共同體成員的人格，唯
有如此，才能形成真正的共同體，也才能逐步建構家園，讓人權的理念得以具體地實現。
關鍵詞：人權、承諾、社群／共同體、相互承認、寬恕
Journal directory listing - Volume 69 (2024) - Journal of NTNU【69(1)】March
Political Trauma and Care in Arendt’s Perspective on Human Rights: A Case Study of the 228 Peace Movement
Author: Shu-Fen Lin(Adjunct Assistant Professor Department of Philosophy National Chengchi University)
Vol.&No.：Vol. 69, No. 1
Date：March 2024
Pages：53-72
Abstract：
Hannah Arendt’s work The Origins of Totalitarianism (1951) presents a profound perspective on human rights. She argues that human rights are not merely inherent; they are the “right to have rights.” This concept goes beyond natural rights or abstract notions of humanity. Instead, it stems from mutual recognition within a community, allowing individuals to insert themselves into the world through words and actions. Arendt emphasizes that the denial of human rights results in the loss of a place where one can speak, act, and begin anew. It signifies the deprivation of a homeland—a space for individual uniqueness and distinctness. In this discourse, equality arises not from birth but from the promise of rights among equals. The article “Political Trauma and Care in Arendt’s Perspective on Human Rights” delves into Taiwan’s “228 Peace Movement.” Contrary to focusing solely on victims, the movement cares for injured communities, including perpetrators and citizens. By acting in concert, it aims to foster a sense of togetherness and provide each community member with a home to realize their individuality. In other words, reconciliation is not merely between the perpetrator and the victim; it is a reconciliation among all citizens who inhabit the land. Only through this process can a genuine community emerge, gradually building a homeland where the concept of human rights becomes a tangible reality.
Keywords：human rights, promise, community, mutual recognition, forgiveness